OPTIMIZATION OF EXTRACTION OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF CALLUS AND ROOT CULTURES OF PANAX GINSENG

doi: 10.25712/ASTU.2072-8921.2021.04.009

Abstract

Panax ginseng is the most valuable and well-known tonic drug in traditional Chinese medicine, since it contains a significant number of biologically active substances that have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study is to optimize the extraction parameters for the extraction of biologically active compounds from callus and root cultures of Panax ginseng, using different types of solvents. In the course of the work, optimal conditions for the cultivation of the callus and root culture of Panax ginseng were established: nutrient media were selected for the callus culture of Panax ginseng, which formed a denser callus culture, a strain of Agrobacterium rhizogenes was established for the root culture, which contributes to the effective transplantation of Panax ginseng roots. According to the obtained data, the working parameters of extraction were determined: acetone is an organic solvent for the Panax ginseng callus culture, diethyl ether is for the root culture, the hydromodule of all cell cultures was 1:10, the extraction time for the Panax ginseng callus culture was 360 min, for the root culture-60 min, the extraction temperature of the Panax ginseng callus and root culture was 50 ºС. The total content of caffeic acid, rutin, ecdisterols, mangiferin, quercetin, flavonoglycozdes, apigenins, codonopsin, cardiofoline and coleofolide was estimated using the TLC method. A high content of rutin (2.23±0.11 mg/kg) was noted for extracts of the callus culture of Panax ginseng, and for extracts of the root culture of Panax ginseng - apegenin (12.30±0.62 mg/kg). In the case of the HPLC method, organic acids were found in the extracts. Extracts of callus and root cultures of Panax ginseng contained the maximum amount of furmaric acid (0.36±0.02 and 0.85±0.05 mg/kg).