RESEARCH OF COMPOSITE POLYMER MATERIALS REIN-FORCED WITH BASALT FABRIC

doi: 10.25712/ASTU.2072-8921.2021.02.024

Abstract

Currently, hybrid composite materials reinforced with basalt fabric, which have high strength and ease, are actively being developed and studied. The paper presents technological processes of making hybrid composite materials based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene and butadiene-nitrile elastomer with a layer of basalt fabric. According to the results of the study, it was found that the introduction of a reinforcing layer of basalt fabric into ultra-high molecular polyethylene and elastomer leads to an increase in strength properties of ~ 2-2.5 times, but also leads to a decrease in elastic deformation properties. The increase in the strength of composites is due to the strengthening effect of basalt fabric. On micrographs of hybrid composites obtained by scanning electron microscopy, macromolecules of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and elastomer are fixed to the surface of basalt fibers at the polymer-fiber interface during hot pressing. However, polymers do not flow into the interior of the basalt fabric, which does not reveal the full potential of hybrid materials based on these binders. When the reinforcing layer is preadded to the polytetrafluoroethylene matrix, the strength properties of the composite material are reduced due to the low adhesion between the polymer matrix and the basalt fabric. In the process of free sintering of the polymer together with the basalt fabric, there is no strong interaction of polytetrafluoroethylene macromolecules with the reinforcing filler. Analysis of the topography of low-temperature chips of brittle fracture showed that basalt fabric does not form a tight contact with polytetrafluoroethylene.