ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION OF FRACTIONS OF PYROLYSIS LIQUID OF PLANT BIOMASS
VREEAJ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25712/ASTU.2072-8921.2025.03.030Keywords:
bio-oil; fast pyrolysis; wood waste; bio-oil distillation, bio-oil extractionAbstract
The article presents the results of a study on the multi-component composition of the liquid product derived from the pyrolysis of wood waste (bio-oil). Based on gas chromatography data, the authors found that the pyrolysis liquid product (PLP) contains a multitude of compounds, including water and acids, with acetic acid being the predominant one. The article describes the bio-oil separation process, which consists of three stages. The feedstock for pyrolysis was wood waste from various tree species. The yield of the liquid product was 54%, of which 85% is the water-soluble fraction and 15% is the water-insoluble fraction. Fractionation stages included vacuum distillation, water extraction, and n-hexane extraction. The conditions for conducting all separation stages are described. The chemical composition of each obtained fraction was determined. It was established that during distillation, the main portion of acetic acid, along with water, transitions to the condensate. Further water extraction allows for the isolation of water-soluble organic compounds, with special attention given to D-allulose, which exhibits inhibitory effects on certain malignant formations and is used as a low-calorie sweetener. The third stage of the study, utilizing n-hexane as a non-polar organic solvent, led to the discovery of previously unreported high-molecular compounds, such as stigmasterol, squalene, and phenanthrene compounds. As a result of the research, a significant amount of phenolic compounds was found in the bio-oil, while fractionation decreased the proportion of acidic and high-molecular condensed compounds in the raw bio-oil, thereby enhancing its potential use as a phenol-replacing and fuel raw material.
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